OS written from scratch in other countries

Most OS we use today are UNIX/Linux based or Windows. Both originates from USA. In fact, most of them are UNIX derivatives, so Bell Labs have a powerful influence on the design of the OS as most OS I see are influenced by UNIX in some way. What were the other R&D companies and universities around the world doing at that time? I think some of them might have developed an OS of their own, it just didn't became popular or some other reason...