---
title: "Discussion on \"If You Run An Interactive System Then You Shouldn't Need To Worry About Confounding\" | Hashnode"
description: "Discussion on \"If You Run An Interactive System Then You Shouldn't Need To Worry About Confounding\". Confounding can be defined as the presence of an unobserved (or ignored) covariate, which both determines the treatment allocation and the outcome to the treatment.\nAn example that Ciaran M Gilligan Lee uses concerns vaccination during the COVID pand..."
url: "https://hashnode.com/posts/if-you-run-an-interactive-system-then-you-shouldnt-need-to-worry-about-confounding/68ca0898f5edf53f7c44f70b"
---

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# [If You Run An Interactive System Then You Shouldn't Need To Worry About Confounding](https://ml4interact.hashnode.dev/if-you-run-an-interactive-system-then-you-shouldnt-need-to-worry-about-confounding?utm_source=hashnode&utm_medium=feed)

Confounding can be defined as the presence of an unobserved (or ignored) covariate, which both determines the treatment allocation and the outcome to the treatment. An example that Ciaran M Gilligan Lee uses concerns vaccination during the COVID pand...

Sep 17, 2025 · 3 min read · ml4interact.hashnode.dev  
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-   [#machine-learning](https://hashnode.com/tag/machine-learning)
-   [#causal-inference](https://hashnode.com/tag/causal-inference)
-   [#causal-events](https://hashnode.com/tag/causal-events)

## Written by

[David Rohde](https://hashnode.com/@davidrohde)

@davidrohde · Brisbane, Australia

  
[View profile](https://hashnode.com/@davidrohde)

Machine Learning for Interactive Systems

Researcher in Machine Learning, Causality and Recommender Systems. On a career break to write a book on Reward Optimizing Recommender Systems. Previously led a team of researchers and engineers at Criteo.

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