BSBibash Shresthainbibashshrestha.hashnode.dev·2d ago · 6 min readPlanning a Telecom Network for Less with Kruskal's AlgorithmA telecom company wants to connect five cities with fiber cable: Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan, Butwal, and Dharan. Before a single cable gets laid, engineers survey every physically feasible route and 00
SGSui Gninneurons-me.hashnode.dev·2d ago · 2 min readRust .meThe Rust version begins turning that language into a smaller, safer, more portable execution core. .me is not a database in the traditional sense. It is a semantic memory kernel. It stores facts as pa00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 5 min readWhat Is a File System?Computers store enormous amounts of data. Documents, images, videos, programs, configuration files, and countless other pieces of information all need to be organized and accessed efficiently. This is00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 5 min readLogical Address Space vs Physical Address SpaceWhen a program runs, it uses addresses to access instructions and data. But there are two important types of addresses to understand: Logical (Virtual) Addresses Physical Addresses Understanding t00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 5 min readWhat Is Virtual Memory?A computer has a limited amount of physical RAM. But modern systems can run many programs, and each program may need a large amount of memory. So how can programs operate with a memory space that appe00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 4 min readWhat Is Memory Management in Operating Systems?A computer has a limited amount of main memory, or RAM. At the same time, multiple processes may need memory to run. So how does the operating system decide which process gets memory, where that memor00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 6 min readUser-Level Threads vs Kernel-Level ThreadsThreads allow a process to perform multiple activities concurrently. But who actually manages those threads? Depending on the threading model, threads can be managed primarily by a user-level thread l00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 4 min readWhat Is the fork() System Call?In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, processes can create new processes. One of the most important mechanisms used for this is the "fork()" system call. It provides a way for an existing process t00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 4 min readWhat Are System Calls?Applications need the operating system to perform many tasks. For example, a program may need to create a file, allocate memory, create a process, or communicate with a device. But applications normal00
SSaguninsagunwrites.hashnode.dev·1d ago · 5 min readProcess States in Operating SystemsA program sitting on storage is just a set of instructions. When that program starts executing, the operating system creates a process to represent and manage it. But a process does not continuously e00
