I personally don't design for the fold as I hardly work on stuff that requires SEO to succeed. According to Moz (2 years ago), the fold is still important and based on their reasoning, I believe it still applies to 2016.
At the end of 2013, Peep Laja spoke at SearchLove about the Principles of Persuasive Web Design. He had observed that despite it being 2013 (now 2014) and us living in a much more scroll-oriented world, content placed above the fold was still grabbing 80% of our attention.
This continues to make above-the-fold space highly valuable to capture a user's attention. The main difference today is that users no longer have the patience they once had. This is due to the high volume of content users have access to, making earning their attention increasingly competitive.
Therefore, this space should no longer be filled with clutter and overwhelming amounts of information. Instead, above the fold content needs to contain a strong value proposition that explains to the user exactly what the page can offer.
moz.com/blog/life-above-and-beyond-the-fold
Kissmetrics has a different opinion and shows both websites with Call To Action below the fold and Call To Action above the fold can get the same amount of conversions.