I'm curious as to what people think about the list I've currently selected for a project (below) and what everyone else uses (please explain the ones that aren't obvious/edge cases). Would be really cool to find out.

I'm not very organized about it, but I generally have two types:
I've not used it to mark different stages like "in progress", "blocked", "review"... I can see how it'd be useful if different people are responsible for different stages, but that hasn't been the case for me, so I've been fine without it.
To comment on a few:
G.
Those are the ones missing from your screenshot:
I would rename new feature to simply feature.