That's an interesting question, because the biggest challenge here is not necessarily Go as a language but rather the design principles behind Go's runtime.
I'm unfortunately not an expert in the topic, since I care more about the way you use Go than the way it's implemented, but Go does require an OS normally.
But ... there are some efforts on implementing a kernel in Go! I'm not 100% sure of how this works, but I'll leave the project here so you can have a look: https://github.com/achilleasa/gopher-os