I'm glad you ask @Max ,
Honestly, there is not too much to say, depending on your background.
The first thing you should know it's that A2 have been build with typescript, so I encourage you to Learn Typescript, at least basics before you get started or you may be lost with the lack of docs about using Angular2 With Javascript, perhaps because Angular2 use decorators and other syntax sugar unavailable in ES5.
The second is the module system it implements. When your are building your A2 App, you won't find yourself using script's tags in your HTML, instead, you will be importing modules with the ES6 standard syntax and compile them to AMD or SystemJs; so you need to know what fits you better to your need.
The built-in directives are really tricky at first. You have[()], [], and () attributes each for it's own case. And not to mention the "ngFor" confusion.
As I said at first, It will be easier or harder according to your previous experience. For my it was hard: Learn TS, Learn Modules, have conflict converting my Angular1 Principles to this new and better ones! I hope you don't have to go through this; I know it'll be easier to you.