I have to admit, I'm still junior, but the thing that gave me most problems and still gives me some is the passage by reference.
I code mostly (almost exclusively) in PHP, and this concept is really the dumbest thing that gives me proble. I mean like "some vars are passed by reference by default, some aren't, but you can add & before some to force passing by reference" bla bla bla.
So in the end, I avoid using passing by reference and find other solutions.
Benjamin Zaslavsky
Backend web developer