To your attention writer, the line "This causes an overflow error. In C++ any value which is greater than 2147483647 (2^33 - 1) gets started back with (-2^33)" looks completely wrong and misleading. The idea you are trying to convey is appreciable but the information you have provided is not to the mark. It is -2^31 and not -2^33. This value is contradictory in itself as signed integer in C++ cannot hold values beyond -2^31. Overflow takes values from extreme positive to lowest possible value depending on whether the integer is signed or not. I request you to avoid such mistakes for yet-to-come corpus.