Finally someone on whole Internet with a clue about my issue. We have a reverse proxy with internal sites that ask for client device authentication that we deploy with Intune. The certificates are working and installed correctly, but they only work with Safari. Because of internal rules, we need to use Edge on iOS for access this sites, but the problem arise. All the browsers except Safari don't send the client certificate, probably as you refer in your article, they don't have access to the keychain where they are installed.

The web server returns always the error: [ssl:error] [pid 399092:tid 139834186258176] SSL Library Error: error:1417C0C7:SSL routines:tls_process_client_certificate:peer did not return a certificate -- No CAs known to server for verification?