Yes! You can set up Laravel Passport as an OAuth server. A user will login on your Laravel app, then redirect the user to a callback url in Wordpress with a token and the user info (email, name, etc) which you can use to find the corresponding user in Wordpress. I do not know of a plugin on the Wordpress side of this specifically for Laravel Passport, but what you could do is start with this: https://wordpress.org/plugins/miniorange-login-openid/ Then check how they do their existing providers here: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/miniorange-login-openid/trunk/social_apps?order=name Then, you could create your own plugin for miniorange for the Laravel provider.
