1- Following: blog.codeleak.pl/2015/06/angular2hello-world.html
A component is not the only UI building block in Angular 2. There are also directives which allow you to attach behavior to elements in the DOM.
The difference between a component and a directive in Angular 2 is that a component is a directive with a view whereas a directive is a decorator with no view.
2- Yes.
Use the Angular-CLI.
ng generate route hero
github.com/angular/angular-cli
3- https://material.angular.io/, in my opinion.
4- Why do you want another? Use Http.
5- Try again. RC1. https://augury.angular.io/