Honestly, not a ton. I mean, variables are an obvious example. And tons of things that were proposals, but if you look at how CSS is actually expanding as a language, it's generally not expanding as a "language", which has always been Sass' focus. CSS is expanding it's features with new selectors, new attributes, and new ways to integrate with browser-based JS.
We always hope and work with the W3C to help push Sass-like features that should be in the browser. For instance, we <3 Tab Atkin's CSS variables, not because they 'replace' pre-browser rendering, but because they allow users to work with browser-only constructs like 'em' units, etc. Something we just simply can't do until the font is chosen in the actual user's browser.