If you're not concerned with building just a basic single or couple of html pages based Admin panel, either use jQuery or Templating as nowadays server side MVC frameworks comes along with UI templating, that should serve the purpose.
If you want to build Single Page Applications to handle complex pages ,reusable modules etc then you'll have to use one of the SPA frameworks like Angular 5, React, Vue etc. I'd recommend Vue as it's very simple & easy to get started with.
I'd recommend you to read below article.Although it's old but very funny. You'll get a gist of JS ecosystem which is being evolved, Don't miss it.
Cheers!