Well... you know CMS as a acronym for Content Management System is, basically, a framework. Because framework is just a bunch of tools and you can use them by following some rules and guidelines.
Of course, this is a very simplified version but it also is a truth. For example, WordPress is a perfect example - has a bunch of functions and classes that do a lot of things. You can build basically anything, it is made by PHP, just like Laravel - so it is a framework.
Now, your problem is not CMS vs Framework, your problem is that you do not know what problem you have to solve.
Security, efficiency, maintenance - wrong questions. What is the business requirement? That is the most important thing, and when you have that defined, you can choose a proper tool.