ref: wikitechy.com/tutorials/react/reactjs-component-l…
Let's look at the component life cycle. From the information that i got, "that method keeps on calling back-end for data in every second", i guess that when action calling, it's update data in store and make the props change, so the life cycle will be "shouldComponentUpdate" -> "componentWillUpdate" -> "render" -> "componentDidUpdate", that why it's looping call the API.
Actually you can fetch API on componentDidMount. Once API callback the data will update to redux store(i guess you use redux right?) and the component that subscribe the data will call "componentWillReceiveProps" so you can put the logic in there.