C# definitely took some quite a bit of inspiration from Java, but also other languages as well such as C++, Haskell and Pascal. Today we can see the reverse happening with Java being inspired from the innovation that C# has seen. The "borrowing" of features between languages is fairly common place today. JavaScript (ES7) and python are getting async/await keywords that come out of C#. JavaScript (ES6) module imports look very similar to pythons. Some of the new Java 8 features have come in response to Scala.
That being said, most of the newer and innovative features of C# today such as anonymous functions, Linq, async/await and expression bodied members are features that I'm sure many Java devs would love to have. I agree with @JanVladimirMostert. The Java ecosystem leads in many regards, particularly in cross-platform productivity. However, that has more to do with the sdks and tooling versus actual language features. Cross platform .NET/C# is needed, is long over due and has some catching up to do.