Unfortunately, I have never come across a single unified resource for everything web dev. I started with HTML/ PHP, then CSS, and then JavaScript. It then took years of experimentation / trial and error to learn the ways in which the different parts all fit together. Here are a couple of helpful resources I have found along the way:
Command Line Crash Course: learnpythonthehardway.org/book/appendixa.html
React / Webpack / ES6 - https://survivejs.com/react/introduction/
Michael Hartl's book on Rails taught me a ton about version control best practices, testing, and RESTful API's. Admittedly, I have never put a Ruby on Rails app into production, but I have been able to apply these tools in my work - https://www.railstutorial.org/book
I don't have time to write more now, but maybe some of those resources are helpful.