From Ruby:

• if-else, switch-case etc. are expressions.
• Post conditions: You can write things like:

return false if x == 10

Basically the condition follows the expressions, this can help readability in many scenarios.

• Blocks: Yehuda has written a great article on why javascript needs blocks. There are quite different from anonymous functions in javascript.

From F#:

• Static typing
• Pipe operator - forward composition.
• Advanced control flow - computation expressions.
• Pattern matching.