That's a tough one, docker was originally just a configuration interface for LXC (linux containers) so elixir would be a valid choice.
But to point out one application difference elixir runs on the erlang VM, go get's compiled down to a binary. So just from that perspective go makes a lot more sense.
Go is less overhead in this context, so I would say no because of that. Besides that most of the magic in docker and all the other tools that build on it are about generating system configurations to link/interact with your containers.
And since some solutions like for example docker-compose are built in python not go you can create a elixir solution for that as well. concurrency models are not relevant since every container uses the host kernel and is not directly controlled but configured by docker.
At least that's my knowledge, I welcome everyone to correct me if I'm wrong :)