Although it's not used as frequently, media queries go in any direction. You can use a media query to specify greater than mobile size and have it load the font.
@media only screen and (min-width : 720px) {
@font-face...
}
If you're unsure if this works, you can look at the net tab in developer tools. Open the developer tools network tab, resize the window to be small, load the page and then make the window larger. You should see the font-file requested in the network tab.
You may want to look into webfontloader if you feel that method isn't reliable enough. https://github.com/typekit/webfontloader