@RichardGL If you really want to explore this more go purchase a Gigatron TTL computer kit. Transistors and capacitors make up the gates and registers and no primary microprocessor so you really understand how the circuit works. I helped built one of these with my nephew for a school project and it was a blast. Check it out... https://gigatron.io/ Also a video from a guy who built one. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2uXqTi42LI @cutcodedown what a great description of how a processor works at the simplest level. Well done!