There are no learning shortcuts. Frameworks can help when you already know how to roll your own. Frameworks first will only delay necessary foundational learning.
UI toolsets can help you when you already know how to roll your own but if you use them first, it will only delay necessary foundational learning.
Testing later when problems arise is too late.
Refactoring patterns have been established, learn them sooner than later.
If you don't know how something actually works under the hood, you will be limited in your ability to work with it and sooner or later it will bite you when your velocity falls off a cliff and you're stuck by the limitations imposed on you by something you decided to depend on as a time saver.