Obviously, Google. The reason is simple. Android is Google, and it has the power to choose whatever API considers is optimal. Java is just a language that can be replaced overnight, if they decide is something they do not like about it. Java is popular, and that gives Oracle some leverage, but then again Go is also an option that can be pushed further and it could have a disruptive impact in just about everything. Another important aspect, is the fact that the owner of a service, owns the API and it has full controll over it. No one can stop Google from making whatever choices they see fit. At worse, people will need adapters...