Web developers come across these terms often and therefore basic understanding of these is required.
Compiler
A compiler is a computer program which converts code written in one high-level language to code in low-level language or into machine code that computer understands. Examples: C, C++, Java
Transpiler
A transpiler converts the code from one higher level language to another higher level language. Example: Babel transpiles ES6 JavaScript code into ES5 JavaScript.