Great question. The UNS itself is intentionally agnostic to who consumes the data. It provides a trusted, real-time operational data backbone where producers publish state and consumers subscribe to it. How write authority is managed is a separate architectural concern from the UNS itself.

In practice, write operations are typically handled through governed command interfaces with appropriate authentication, authorisation, acknowledgements, and safety controls rather than treating the UNS as a general-purpose control bus.

I'll be covering agent execution, write authority, and closed-loop control in a later post in this series, where we'll dive into how AI agents interact safely with industrial control systems without compromising deterministic operations.