This is an interesting topic. It's essentially a way to compare 'incomparible' dimensions.

I.e. you might have the top speed of a car, the weight and the horse power of the engine, and you want to determine if it's similar to another car. But if car A and B differ in weight by 100kg and car A has 2 more horse power than C, then is A more similar to B or to C?

Standardizing is an approach that let's you not think about the conversion factor from kgs-of-car to hps-of-engine. It's not always the best approach, but it's usually the easiest, and maybe less likely to have human bias.

any Algorithm which is Not Distance based is Not affected by Feature Scaling

Also many non-linear things like neural networks (assuming a non-linear activation function).