Thanks Eman! Great question.
The two terms (exponential growth, and compound interest) are very related. I would say that compound interest is an example of exponential growth.
There is exponential growth in a variety of places: population in a new village, a new bacteria that is multiplying, the number of cells being created during pregnancy, etc.
Compound interest is just another example of exponential growth, where we are focusing on the growth of invested assets over time.
Let me know if that makes sense :)