Since next.js isn't made for static websites but for SSR first, it's pretty clear why that carbon energy is generated. Using static site builders is an improvement since the content can be cached at the CDN level as well, so the user traffic travels very little and no server rendering for the request has to be done. And in addition to that using something like cloudflare pages to host your static site is the most green option there is since they themselves are fully green i believe but they also provide you with a carbon report. Anyways, great writeup.