It depends on your goals. If you want to find a job (you said career), you can still do that very well with Java knowledge. If you want to learn for fun or general programming principles, Kotlin is better for both imho.
I wouldn't let the existence of Python or Go stop you from learning Java, at least. Python has been around a long time and exists alongside Java, without one killing the other. They're pretty different. Go might have a little bit more overlap, but won't kill Java either.
Kotlin is more of a competitor to Java that can be used in the same situations: it runs on the JVM and Android as well. But at the same time, it's similar enough that the step from Kotlin to Java or from Java to Kotlin won't be very hard.