First thing I'd suggest is ditching the idiotic code bloat and pointless crypticness that is jQuery.
<broken record> If you bother learning vanilla JavaScript FIRST you will quickly find that 99%+ of what is done with jQuery falls into one of three categories: 1. Stuff that can be done in less code without the framework 2. Stuff that's HTML or CSS' job and has no business in the scripting 3. Stuff that has no business on a website -- or even an application -- in the first place! </broken>
A situation only exacerbated by the simple fact that jQuery promotes sloppy coding like repeatedly grabbing the same elements via selector, not ACTUALLY hooking the elements but instead their garbage wrapper object, and of course schlepping along with innerHTML style methodologies like we still care about Nyetscape 4.
Which of course is why the majority of stuff people do with jQuery doesn't even WORK if you are deploying a website under the CSP.
If you bother learning to use JavaScript, HTML, and CSS correctly you will quickly realize just how idiotic ALL the various frameworks, pre-processors and other such 'tools' truly are; in the majority of cases doing little more than making you the tool. I question the rationality -- hell even the sanity -- of those who use them by choice.
Now, if you're already getting versed in JavaScript a full stack solution based on it -- such as node.js -- could be your easiest option... but the question is will this be a standalone application, or something that is accessed online?
The need for extra crap from python -- and that python is EXTREMELY ill suited for outputting markup makes it an all-around bad choice if you want to use HTML/CSS/JS for the front-end. I'm not a fan of the language to begin with, and that stems from it being extremely ill suited to any practical task... NOT that it prevents people from trying.
IF you're going to work server-client as a website, I'd be pointing you at PHP -- for the simple reason that you don't have to micromanage your own hosting to use it. Python and node.js are cute, but try finding a managed webhost that will even LET YOU run it! For someone like me who can just grab a blank unmanaged VPS, install my choice of OS however the hell I want it's a non-issue, but MOST people starting out aren't ready to set up their own hosting from scratch, something that if you want node.js or python on the back-end you are likely going to be stuck having to do... you ask most managed hosts for anything other than PHP, they'll typically say "no we don't allow that" without further explanation.
Though that's why I consider learning to manage your own hosting be it a dedicated server or a VPS is important. The tutorials for "perfect server" over on howToForge being a great start!
However if this is to be a full stack application without an online client-server relationship, sticking with just JavaScript becomes much more viable thanks to solutions like nw.js or electron. I prefer the latter:
They are basically just node.js with a Blink rendering instance running atop them, giving you a proper 'view' component where you can fully leverage HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create your UI. Almost like a browser in reverse.
Personally I feel electron is better implemented, documented, and is more actively developed than nw.js since it exists to support their larger project, the atom editor. To this end the result is so good that even Microsoft eschewed their own engines, runtimes, and languages to use it to create their "Visual Studio Code" editor.
You know they're onto something when it was good enough to make Microsoft go "You know what? F**k .NET and UWP!" -- the real laugh being UWP can do full stack JavaScript crapplets, so what does that say about it?
Bottom line, I think we need a better picture of what TYPE of system this is going to be -- are you talking about a website? A standalone application? A hybrid?
But even so, skip the frameworks until you know enough about the underlying languages to know if you're being packed full of manure over if they are ACTUALLY any easier or not. Dimes to dollars you do so, you'll quickly recognize idiocy like jQuery for the moronic halfwit inept BS that it is.