Been there. Design system teams often treat themselves as internal tools that don't need semver rigor, then act surprised when they break stuff. The disabled prop removal should've been a major version, full stop.
Pinning exact versions is a band-aid though. What actually worked for us: we got the design system team to adopt a deprecation policy (6 week notice, clear migration docs) and made breaking changes require a major bump non-negotiable. Took two breaking changes they owned before it stuck.
The real issue is no consequence. If they don't feel the pain of their own breaks, nothing changes.