The distinction between an obsolete writer being cancelled and its external write actually settling is the important race here. A timed-out upsert can still complete at the provider after a verification lookup has reported absence.
I would add a test that delays the provider commit until after the first verification attempt, rather than only pausing the worker before the write. Completion evidence should identify the writer generation and settled pending-write set it was checked against. A timestamped negative lookup alone is a snapshot, not proof that no already-issued request can recreate the artefact.