Nov 26, 2025 · 7 min read · 0. Motivation RGB’s client-side validation model provides unmatched privacy and flexibility, but introduces structural difficulties when operated at scale: state graphs grow without bound syncing long-lived assets becomes increasingly expensive de...
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Nov 25, 2025 · 14 min read · 0. Abstract Ingot today is a clean, object-oriented UTXO (oUTXO) asset layer for Tondi: L1 validates minimal structure and locks; L2 indexers reconstruct state, enforce “single active tip / spend-old-create-new / deterministic conflict resolution”, a...
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Sep 30, 2025 · 37 min read · Copperoot: A Modern Taproot Variant Overview Copperoot is an advanced Taproot variant that enhances Bitcoin's Taproot protocol with modern cryptographic primitives and improved performance. It maintains full backward compatibility with existing Tapro...
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Sep 26, 2025 · 23 min read · 0.导论：圓相 在日本禅宗中，圓相（Enso） 是以单一笔触画出的圆。它的意义在于： 一笔到底的简约（simplicity） 圓相之圆，拒绝修饰与反复，乃『直指人心』的笔触。它象征修行者的心性能否当下贯通，不假雕饰。简约并非贫乏，而是直面本质的力量。 圆满自足的完整（completeness） 一个封闭而自成整体的圆，表明真如之境本自圆满，不依赖外缘而自足。它既是『诸法圆融』的象征，也是修行者『无欠无余』的见地。 留白的开放（openness） 圓相往往不求闭合，留有一线空隙。此『未...
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Sep 25, 2025 · 40 min read · 1. Introduction The Lightning Network (LN) has long been positioned as the primary Layer 2 scaling solution for Bitcoin, enabling fast, low-cost transactions off-chain while settling on the base layer only when necessary. However, its core mechanics—...
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Sep 21, 2025 · 19 min read · What is it? One‑sentence overview Tondi Atlas is the new payments and inscription infrastructure for the Tondi chain. By coupling minimal on‑chain rules with an off‑chain, orderly adjudication layer for oUTXO (ordered UTXO), it unlocks large‑scale is...
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Sep 20, 2025 · 2 min read · 1. The Failure of KHeavyHash In late 2023, Toni Lukkaroinen published an analysis of Kaspa’s KHeavyHash:KHeavyHash is broken. The core issue is simple. KHeavyHash inserts a matrix multiplication step, but discards entropy by applying a fixed right sh...
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Sep 13, 2025 · 44 min read · Abstract High-throughput blockchain designs based on directed acyclic graph (DAG) consensus promise to vastly increase transaction throughput, but they introduce new challenges in maintaining consensus stability as block rates rise. This paper provid...
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Aug 20, 2025 · 6 min read · One line: Jump Mode lets a digital asset live either on Bitcoin or on Tondi—never both at the same time—and move (“jump”) between them with a single, verifiable Bitcoin transaction. It keeps things simple, safe, and audit-friendly without running a c...
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Aug 20, 2025 · 10 min read · Foreword RGBX unifies your Bitcoin-anchored RGB assets with a high-throughput Tondi execution plane. It is mode-selectable per asset, giving you precise control over cost, latency, security, and auditability: tondi-only — pure Tondi execution (no B...
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