Jan 8 · 3 min read · Key players to understand are:- Unkown type- Never type- Parameter assignability behaviour- Return Type Assignability behaviour- Contravariant- Covariant First we need to understand what do we mean by SuperType and SubType in general:- SuperType bas...
Join discussionAug 8, 2025 · 5 min read · 1. Mở đầu – Tại sao mình nên biết điều này? Bạn mới bắt đầu học lập trình với PHP, và đột nhiên nghe đến “covariance”, “contravariance” – nghe khá… hơi phức tạp nhỉ? Nhưng thực ra, đây là những khái niệm quan trọng liên quan đến cách lớp con (child c...
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May 7, 2025 · 9 min read · Introduction to Linear Transformations A linear transformation is a mathematical concept used to map vectors from one space to another while preserving the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication. It is defined as a function \(T\) tha...
Join discussionOct 13, 2024 · 5 min read · In the world of statistics and data analysis, understanding how different variables interact is crucial for building effective models. Three important concepts that help us analyze these relationships are covariance, correlation, and collinearity. In...
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Jan 20, 2024 · 3 min read · Consolidating Fundamental Concepts What is covariance? It was the first thing I asked myself when solving the exam of module one of the last course of the specialization of mathematics for machine learning. Consequently, I was forced to first interpr...
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