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Your team ships an intelligent query-routing feature for an LLM SaaS platform. The feature reads each incoming request in real time and decides whether to send it to the fast standard model or the mor

Causal inference for LLM-based features starts with one question editors ask before they ship anything: Did the change actually move the metric, or did the metric just move? Let's say that your team b

Your team shipped an LLM-based summaries feature to wave 1 workspaces at week 20 and now the post-launch doc is due. You need a causal effect number, a specific estimate you can defend to a statistici

Confounding can be defined as the presence of an unobserved (or ignored) covariate, which both determines the treatment allocation and the outcome to the treatment. An example that Ciaran M Gilligan Lee uses concerns vaccination during the COVID pand...
