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Causal inference for LLM-based AI features is no longer theoretical. Airbnb, Netflix, Lyft, and Uber have published detailed engineering blog posts describing exactly how they measure the causal impac

Your AI product shipped an agent-mode opt-in six months ago. You ran a propensity analysis, adjusted for engagement tier and query confidence, and reported a clean +8 percentage-point lift in task com

A randomized A/B test is the cleanest form of product experiment available. The coin flip that splits users between the new prompt template and the control removes every possible confounder by constru

Your LLM product experiment just came back positive, with a promising 8-percentage-point lift in task completion. You ship the feature and leadership celebrates. Three months later, the core metric ha

Your team ships an intelligent query-routing feature for an LLM SaaS platform. The feature reads each incoming request in real time and decides whether to send it to the fast standard model or the mor
